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The Art of Exploration

Melbourne-based dance artist Jo Lloyd uses choreography as a social encounter, revealing behaviour over various durations and contexts. A graduate of the Victorian College of the Arts who started dance at a young age, Lloyd has become an influential dance artist whose practice pushes the boundaries between improvisation and structure, consciousness and the body's wisdom. She has worked extensively as both dancer and choreographer with contemporary companies including Lucy Guerin Inc, Chunky Move, and Back to Back Theatre Company. Her work has been performed internationally in Hong Kong, New Zealand and beyond. This conversation has been edited for clarity.

Jo Lloyd in “Agitato.” Photograph by Darren Gill

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How did you first discover contemporary dance?

Jo Lloyd: I was around eight years old when I stumbled into it quite by accident. My sister was doing ballet, and I ended up taking contemporary dance class after [her] ballet. I remember feeling great freedom with contemporary dance and this developed into a longer practice. At my dance school, Arthur Turnbull was a guest tutor at the time, and I remember him creating this amazing work with a large piece of fabric. Those early memories of discovering contemporary dance remain incredibly special to me.

I studied at the Victorian College of Arts (VCA) Secondary School from year 10-12. I then decided to do tertiary training at the VCA rather than pursue an Arts degree at La Trobe University. My parents were always very supportive. My father was a lecturer at the Pharmacy College and my mother became a lawyer after having four children. The environment I group up in was very creative, I was exposed to many films and music through my parents and my older siblings.

After VCA, I danced professionally with Chunky Move throughout the 2000s, as well as with Dance Works until it closed in 2006. This period was a heyday for independent dance in Australia and a really flourishing time. I knew that I wanted to learn as much as I could as a dance artist, collaborating with other artists to grow and develop my choreographic practice. 


How did you evolve from dancer to choreographer? What was your journey to becoming such an established figure in Australian contemporary dance?

 For the longest time, I told myself “I'm the dancer, not the choreographer.” I toured with Chunky Move for seven years, but gradually I found myself oscillating between dancing and creating my own work. I kept making pieces and somehow making them work, growing tremendously during this period while collaborating with visionary artists like Shelley Lasica and Ros Warby.

This was also when I had children, but I continued dancing and began teaching more.  I maintained my teaching as a way to keep working on my practice when my children were young, I would find smaller portions of time in the studio when I could, sometimes working in the evenings. It became a wonderful time of exploration—teaching, experimenting with other dancers, pushing the boundaries of what choreography could be, representing both the day-to-day and the bizarre. It was like turning over fertile soil. I was able to integrate what I was learning through my choreography and keep my practice evolving.

Jo Lloyd in “Agitato.” Photograph by Darren Gill

Which choreographers were particularly influential in shaping your artistic vision?

Working with Sandra Parker opened so many doors for growth. We [Chunky Move] toured to New York and collaborated with Shelley Lasica, and the beautiful thing is that these relationships have endured—I still collaborate with both of them today. We have continued the creative conversations that began years ago.

When I joined Chunky Move under Gideon Obarzanek's direction, it precipitated a dramatic shift in my physicality. The practice was robust and raw, and I learned enormously from that intensity. I also did workshops with [Australian, LA-based artist] Ros Warby, which influenced my evolution toward improvisational work and opened up entirely new movement possibilities.


How central is improvisation to your creative process?

Improvisation is always alive in my work. I like to observe what the body is genuinely interested in exploring. When I begin a new piece, I want to keep it open—I don't want to create work that feels funneled or overly directed. I try not to put a lid on the possibilities too early in the process.

There's always a delicate balance in the choreography. Some works have firmer parameters, while others offer more opportunity for improvisational discovery during performance. What I love most is cultivating a sense of aliveness and possibility in the moment.

One of my favorite examples was a work called “Confusion for Three,” presented by PICA [Perth Institute of Contemporary Art] and Strut Dance [the National Choreographic Centre in Western Australia] in 2018. It explored a series of disparate encounters between three exceptional dancers. We worked within certain parameters, but I love making work where I can “undo” choreography in real time. This kind of improvisational practice is every bit as disciplined as set choreographic work, but the results as a group creation are fascinating. It's about giving permission to the dancers—less about dictating what I want them to do and more about supporting their expression of the work. It's never a free-for-all; improvisation at its best operates within strong, clear parameters.


Can you give us some examples of what those parameters might look like?

In my recent work “Agitato,” [which premiered at Dancehouse, Melbourne in July 2025], we did a soft run-through before each performance. This created spatial awareness among the dancers, but we were also attempting something more complex—working with both the music being played and what we felt in our imagination, centering around the idea of playing the piano and being the piano. It was physically intricate because we were trying to embody musical creation within our own bodies.

Here's a specific example: one parameter I've used is “Be a vessel with no front.” This instruction actually came from a critic who watched me dance and said this was what I looked like. It became something for dancers to respond to through improvisation—an evocative image that generates movement without dictating it.

Jo Lloyds's “Agitato.” Photograph by Darren Gill

Your recent work seems to explore the subconscious.

I'm fascinated by this concept, though it can sometimes feel like a default position or a relinquishing of responsibility. What interests me most is the relationship between our thoughts and our bodies. I love the way the body can deliver insights ahead of the conscious mind.

With “Agitato,” I became captivated by the work of Fanny Mendelssohn, a composer I first encountered at VCA while studying Ashton’s “A Midsummer Night's Dream,” which features music by her brother Felix Mendelssohn. Felix received far more critical acclaim due to the gendered expectations of that era, but Fanny's music haunted me for years. There was this one piece—just one minute and forty seconds long—described as a “virtuosic whirlwind.” I became enamoured with that phrase and inspired by her courageous path against the sex-based constraints of her time.


You've worked with dramaturgs, including recently on “Agitato.” How important is dramaturgy to your choreographic process?

For “Agitato,” I worked with Anny Mokotow, who has incredible patience. I can talk extensively about ideas, but she has this ability to distill them into their essence. During our research phase, we uncovered substantial material that fed into the piece's narrative. She reminded me what I was trying to investigate when I would wander off course, gently guiding me back to my core intentions.


What other artistic collaborators are integral to your work, and how do they influence the final pieces?

The dancers themselves are hugely integral—the works are deeply dramaturgical in nature. I involve them completely and value their perspectives. We have regular conferences where we share feedback and actively reshape the work together.

In “Agitato,” the music functioned as the structure through which we sought the arc of our story. Duane Morrison worked closely with me on sound design to uncover these layers. We examined Greek tragedy trajectories, using those traditional arcs as anchors while building suspense and momentum. I was interested in these aspects of Greek tragedies after creating a work for Bundanon [an art museum in New South Wales] which focused on the myth of Electra. With “Agitato” I focused on drama in the body and considered the trajectory of Greek tragedies as a way to inform the structure and form.

These elements of tension and narrative worked in harmony with both the choreography and the costumes, which were artfully designed by Andrew Treloar. We worked slowly, sustaining and restraining, allowing the costume design to reinforce and elevate the choreographic elements.


Given that much of your work involves improvisation and collaborative creation, does this present particular challenges when remounting pieces? Does it also create opportunities for each performance to be unique?

The work can definitely evolve, which means pieces often need their original cast because it respects their specific contributions to the creation. Revisiting a work is rare but always a lovely opportunity when it happens. The “one season only” nature of much dance is both beautiful and challenging, but because I'm drawn to improvisational inspiration, this approach works for my practice.

This year, I established a studio space in Abbotsford. It functions as a residency, but I use it monthly for “happenings”—informal gatherings where I invite local dancers to collaborate. These sessions generate long-form developments and create a cyclical feedback loop as we develop new work together. “Agitato” actually emerged from this process.

These happenings serve as a kind of “creative fitness”—a way of continually refining work, improving my craft, and ensuring that what I offer makes it worthwhile for dancers to venture out on a winter night to the studio, even with no guaranteed product as the outcome.


If you were to summarize your work overall, what would you say defines it?

I think my work fundamentally operates in an exploratory mode. I love bringing the concept of revelation through dance into performance. It's endlessly fascinating to me that there are actions and expressions you simply can't do on the tram that you can do on stage—and sometimes those stage moments are truer, strike deeper chords than our everyday movement vocabularies ever could.

Leila Lois


Leila Lois is a dancer and writer. She writes articles and dance reviews for The Age, ArtsHub and Delving into Dance. She is also a published poet in various journals including Cordite Poetry and Southerly Journal. Her debut chapbook, Flesh into Blossom, came out last year. In 2021, Leila appeared several times performing her work at National Young Writers' Festival and journal launches. Leila was a recipient of the Ralph MacClean Grant for Melbourne Fringe in 2019 for an interdisciplinary exhibition, Jiyan be te nina// There is no life without you, featuring dance, spoken word and photography. 

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