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Numbers Game

Almost mirroring the geopolitical situation, contemporary dance in the West—already in the USA and soon in Europe—is showing signs of wear and tear, if not decline. China is now the new world, even in contemporary choreography. The first Chinese companies appearing on European stages two decades ago were viewed with a certain mistrust, or rather condescension. We may no longer remember their names, but we retain the impression of having witnessed the early signs of a mounting revolution, now in full swing. 

Performance

Tao Dance Theater: “16” and “17”

Place

Teatro Ponchielli, Cremona, Italy, April 9, 2026

Words

Valentina Bonelli

Tao Dance Theater in “14.” Photograph courtesy of Tao Dance Theater

When Tao Dance Theater arrived in Venice in 2023 to receive the Silver Lion at the Dance Biennale, awarded by director Wayne McGregor, the troupe appeared as a revelation. They presented works from their ongoing Numerical series, “11,” “13,” and “14” and, two years after, “16” and “17.” The memory of their European debuts at La Biennale remains indelible: Tao have redefined the use of slow motion in bodies that become a single organism, pulsating in unison with the group, revealing individual personalities beyond the same couture dress, black or in different colours. A symbolic representation, it seemed to us, of the Chinese conception of the individual inside society.     

Thanks to an agreement with a major Italian entertainment agency, IMARTS, now Tao regularly tours in Italy, to overwhelming acclaim. This season we caught again “16” and “17” at Teatro Ponchielli in Cremona.

In “16” the choreography is inspired by the Dragon Dance and Snake Dance. The dancers are arranged in a line and appear interconnected; their fluctuations of energy are transmitted back and forth, from one end of the line to the other. Each dancer moves like a dragon, developing a circular movement centred on the head, which can rotate through 360 degrees. New forms of movement emerge from this focus, opening up a wholly new choreographic microcosm. It did not seem entirely foreign: the serpentine line of dancers winding across the stage with a tight yet hypnotic rhythm, seemed reminiscent of Petipa’s Shades in “La Bayadère;” the cambré of the backs similar as well, the first dancer in the line setting the rhythm for everyone.

“17,” in dialogue with the previous “7,” is an exploration linking body movement to the form of sound. Seventeen dancers, initially lying on their backs on the floor, then scattered across the space or gathered together, call and seek each other with vocal calls consisting of notes held for an extremely long time, or excerpts of folk songs whose melancholic cadence we can sense. In the silence of the total absence of music, the physical sound acts as a signal to initiate movements that spread like sound waves, in a natural synchronization. The transmission of the choreography from one dancer to another occurs like a domino effect: another sign of a complex system, united by its elements. According to the choreographers, “the bodies are all connected and theirs is the language of the world.”

Tao Ye, director and choreographer and Duan Ne, dancer and costume designer, of Tao Dance Theater. Photograph courtesy of Tao Dance Theater

Tao Ye, director and choreographer and Duan Ne, dancer and costume designer, of Tao Dance Theater. Photograph courtesy of Tao Dance Theater

The two artists behind Tao Dance Theater are partners both on stage and in life: he, Tao Ye, is director and choreographer; she, Duan Ne, dancer and costume designer. Always together as accomplices, we met them in Venice, where they told us about their training and philosophy of movement, the thought behind the form, and their roots in Chinese disciplines: “Practising Chinese classical dance, folk dance and tanzigong (an opera technique that allows for jumps, somersaults, acrobatics) from a young age enabled me to develop flexibility and muscular strength,” Duan Ne explained. “But I also had the opportunity to take part in the American Dance Festival in an exchange programme, which broadened my horizons in the West. “I too trained in Chinese dance, experimenting with contemporary dance during my military service,” Tao Ye explained. “I followed in my mother’s footsteps; as a child she dreamed of joining the army’s artistic troupe, but my grandmother did not approve. Now I have come full circle for her.”

The first meeting between Tao Ye and Duan Ni was striking. “When I saw her dance, I was struck by her suppleness, as if she had no bones,” he recalled. “Her body bends and can take on any shape; it flows like water. Relaxed and elastic, she seems to be made of rubber.” 

Together with Wang Hao, the pair founded their own company in 2008, naming it Tao Dance Theater.  “We wanted to inspire Chinese dancers with our conception of the body, blurring the boundaries between dance and other disciplines,” the pair explained.

Tao Dance Theater in “16.” Photograph by Fanxi

Tao Dance Theater in “16.” Photograph by Fanxi

But how to describe their style of movement? Regarding the technique, which they have named Circular Movement System, the two artists explained that they ask their dancers to focus on their own bodies, on others, on the space, on the lighting, on the music, almost to the point of feeling a sense of omniscience in controlling the connections between all these elements. Above all, the performances must be uninterrupted: the greatest difficulty for the performers is precisely maintaining the continuous flow of movement. 

“The circle is the beginning and the end,” explained Tao Ye and Duan Ni. “We treat the body as a circle: we imagine that every centimetre of it can trace its shape, giving rise to infinite possibilities of movement. In this way, we experiment with variations in weight, gravity and centre of gravity, and seek the vital connection between space and time.” A veritable philosophy (if not religion) of movement, as they assert: “The human body stands to the world as the microcosm stands to the macrocosm. Body is mortal, dance is a moment, but the choreographic works created are eternal.”

The costumes are part of these elements: designed by Duan Ni, they play a fundamental role—both functional and aesthetic—following the body’s movements and merging with the dance. The dancers wear them even offstage, drawing the eye with their designs featuring organic silhouettes yet graphic cuts: austere yet captivating uniforms, often in black, but also in the hues of nature or in bright colours.

The Tao’s approach is also a way of life: the dancers are impressive: so young they look like teenagers, regardless of gender, with short or even shaved hair, focused gazes, the austere posture of Eastern monks. Except when they let themselves go in bursts of pure youthful joy, out on the streets, as documented by the spontaneous images posted on the company’s Instagram account: @taodancetheater. 

In the Numerical series, the dancers on stage are as many as the number in the title. To come full circle would be seeing all the chapters of this dance corpus, preferably in a single session, ready for an experience that promises to open up a whole new universe.

Valentina Bonelli


Valentina Bonelli is a dance journalist and critic based in Milan, and a longtime contributor to Vogue Italia and Amadeus. She is a correspondent from Italy for international dance magazines such as Dance Europe and Dance Magazine Japan. As a scholar her main interest lies in the XIX century Russian ballet, in its connections with the Italian ballet school. She has translated and edited Marius Petipa’s Memoires (2010) and Diaries (2018) into Italian, and she is currently writing essays and biographies about La Scala ballerinas dancing at Russian Imperial theatres.

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