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Timeless Terrain

When you visit Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre, you realise that this is a place where time does not exist,” writes choreographer Frances Rings in her notes for “Terrain,” and the resonance with Wayne McGregor’s theme for the 2026 Biennale Danza, “Time Does Not Exist,” is unmistakable. The sense of temporal dislocation that permeated this year’s festival was heightened by another of the magical encounters made possible by its imaginative reach: beneath Giuseppe Cherubini’s early twentieth-century ceiling in Venice’s Teatro Malibran, Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre suddenly appeared. Twelve performers transported us to Australia’s largest salt lake, an ancient basin of shifting colours and immense horizons. Before our eyes, the lake came alive and began to recount its own story through the living culture of the Arabunna people, the Traditional Owners of Kati Thanda, who have maintained a profound connection with it for thousands of years and whose knowledge informs Bangarra’s choreographic practice through a careful process of consultation, permission and cultural transmission. Through sustained exchanges with First Nations communities, Bangarra creates a space in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories, cultures and perspectives can reach audiences around the world through dance, on their own terms.

Performance

Bangarra Dance Theatre: “Terrain” by Frances Rings

Place

Biennale Danza 2026, Teatro Malibran, Venice, July 25, 2026

Words

Elsa Giovanna Simonetti

Bangarra Dance Theatre in “Terrain” by Frances Rings. Photograph by Daniel Boud

The company heads home with a richly deserved Golden Lion, accepted by current artistic director Frances Rings alongside Stephen Page, who shaped Bangarra’s artistic identity during his more than thirty years at its helm. Their speeches returned to the question of time, reflecting on the past, on the ancestors who remain present, and on the ways inherited knowledge shapes the future. That future was embodied by Bangarra’s talented young dancers, all of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent, whose charisma filled the stage in the Sala delle Colonne at Ca’ Giustinian. The Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement marked a double historic first: Bangarra became the first company, rather than an individual artist, and the first First Nations performing artists to receive the award.

“Terrain,” presented at this year’s Biennale, is emblematic of Bangarra’s methodology: “‘Terrain’ is where spirit and place meet,” as Frances Rings puts it. Originally created in 2012, it received its European premiere at this year’s Biennale. Developed with guidance from Arabunna Elder Reginald Dodd, the work is structured as a sequence of nine interconnected sections that follow the rhythms of Kati Thanda through shifts in movement, scenic colour and costume design. The landscape thus acquires an agency and living presence of its own, emerging as a distinct dimension in which time is measured through the changing life of the land. Together, these “states of experiencing” trace a progression: the pull of Country beyond the urban world, the struggle for Indigenous land rights and recognition, the transmission of knowledge across generations, ancestral presences embedded in the landscape, the immense salt plains, the scars left by human intervention, the land’s capacity to regenerate and heal, the sacred meeting of earth and sky, and finally the arrival of floodwaters and the renewal of its life cycle.

Frances Rings, artistic director of Bangarra Dance Theatre, winner of the  Venice Biennale Danza 2026 Golden Lion award. Photograph by Daniel Boud

Frances Rings, artistic director of Bangarra Dance Theatre, winner of the Venice Biennale Danza 2026 Golden Lion award. Photograph by Daniel Boud

Every step carries a fragment of a larger story, and the choreography’s measured rituality conveys a profound sense of sacredness, respect and reverence. The dancing is athletic, forceful and intensely physical, repeatedly punctuated by sharp, staccato gestures. Weighted towards the ground, it moves horizontally through heavy passages and slides. Then gravity is resisted through expansive développés, lifts and soaring jumps, introducing a striking verticality. At times, the ensemble crystallises around a single performer like grains of salt before dissolving again; elsewhere, dancers move with wooden shields, giving physical form to the continuing struggle for Indigenous land rights and recognition. The interplay of white and earth tones, light and saline haze, produces moments of extraordinary poetry, as the lake shifts from ochre to red, green and blue. Costumes move from white trousers to mottled skirts, arboreal headdresses and garments recalling the lake’s textures.

The audience was left breathless and spellbound, while a nearby voice remarked, “I’ve been a dancer my whole life, but I’ve never seen anything like this before.” This was more than watching a performance: it was witnessing an ontological transformation unfold before our eyes, as the lake itself materialised on stage and began to tell its story. The effect arose from the synergy between Frances Rings’ tactile, grounded choreography and David Page’s evocative score, with its archaic resonances and electronic inflections; Karen Norris’ lighting, which sculpted the space; Jacob Nash’s set design, in which the profile of the lake emerged from darkness and gradually changed colour; and Jennifer Irwin’s costumes, shaped by a close study of the landscape’s physical features. Every element was conceived in dialogue with Country, which remains the work’s emotional and dramaturgical centre.

In conversation with critic Elisa Guzzo Vaccarino after the performance, Frances Rings explained how Bangarra’s works emerge from what she described as a four-year “creative and cultural lifecycle.” Each production develops through a rigorous process of seeking permission from Elders and cultural advisers, working closely with communities, and respecting the boundaries they establish around what may and may not be told. Bangarra’s mission is encapsulated in its name, a Wiradjuri word meaning “to make fire,” which evokes its role in kindling cultural memory through performance. Founded in 1989 and drawing on 65,000 years of First Nations history, Sydney-based Bangarra has become a central force within Australia’s Indigenous performing arts ecosystem, alongside NAISDA Dance College on the New South Wales Central Coast and ACPA in Brisbane. What emerges from the performance and the conversations surrounding it is a powerful commitment to forging a new voice for Australia through First Nations perspectives. In a continent of hundreds of First Nations, languages and cultural traditions, the body becomes a living archive of geographies, techniques and memory, while movement becomes a form of cultural transmission and a refusal of any single imposed account of Indigenous identity. Ancestral knowledge and contemporary Indigenous life remain inseparable, while anti-colonial resistance and artistic creation coexist within the same gesture.

Bangarra Dance Theatre in “Terrain” by Frances Rings. Photograph by Daniel Boud

Bangarra Dance Theatre in “Terrain” by Frances Rings. Photograph by Daniel Boud

“The best medicine is art,” Stephen Page said during the Golden Lion ceremony, reflecting on the struggles of the present. Frances Rings, meanwhile, emphasised truthfulness: at the heart of Bangarra’s artistic practice lies the responsibility to tell stories that remain faithful to their Traditional Owners. Art and truth are inseparable in this vision, offering a striking contrast to certain familiar Western conceptions of art grounded in fiction or illusion. Bangarra’s work calls us to live within the natural environment of which we are part, to resist individualism, reconnect with our roots, and remain free enough to imagine the future. Yet these are only the most immediate lessons of a work whose meanings are far more deeply layered. Audiences would benefit from some prior contextualisation. I am especially grateful to Bangarra dancer Chantelle Lee Lockhart, whose generous insights opened up dimensions of the work that no written material could have conveyed with the same immediacy. It would be a pity for any viewer to miss the layers of knowledge embedded within the work, and with them the full force of its embodied pedagogy.

Elsa Giovanna Simonetti


Elsa Giovanna Simonetti is a Paris-based philosopher researching ancient thought, divination, and practices of salvation at the École Pratique des Hautes Études. With over a decade of ballet training, she studied History of Dance as part of her Philosophy and Aesthetics degree at the University of Bologna. Alongside her academic work, she writes about dance.

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