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A New Memory

In 2017 Virginie Mécène reimagined the lost Martha Graham solo “Ekstatis.” A review from that Martha Graham Dance Company premiere ended with a strong vote of confidence from critic Gia Kourlas: “Ms. Mécène should keep going.”

Mécène has done just that. When the Graham Company begins their New York season next week at the Joyce Theater, Mécène’s “Immigrant,” and “Revolt,”—inspired by two other lost Graham solos of the same name—will have their world premiere. The season celebrates the company’s 99th anniversary with Graham’s “Dances of the Mind,” including repertoire like “Errand into the Maze,” and “Deaths and Entrances.” Other highlights of the three rotating programs are the recently updated Agnes de Mille staple, “Rodeo”; a reprise of Jamar Roberts’ “We the People,” from last fall with music from Rhiannon Giddens; and “Letter to Nobody,” a new work from Graham Company dancer Xin Ying.

Mécène has been part of the Graham orbit for 36 years:

“I arrived as a student here and I never left.”

Xin Ying in “Immigrant” by Martha Graham, reimagined by Virginie Mécène. Photograph by Christopher Jones

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She went on to become a principal dancer with the company and is now the program director of the school and the director of Graham 2. Along with this busy day job and her choreographic work, she will also publish a book later in the year aimed at helping pre-professional students transition into professional life. 

“I see that every year, when students are about to graduate, there is an anxiety because they are not sure what they're going to do. You're not going to be accepted in all the auditions you go to, and those rejections are not in your control. This book might help them to realize what the profession is about,” said Mécène, “and that there are different paths to take. You can create your path.”

I caught up with Mécène on an early spring day at the Graham School where we discussed her path, choreographic process, and how the seeds of Graham’s work remain as relevant as ever.

This conversation has been condensed and edited for clarity.

This isn't the first time you've reimagined a lost Graham work. I wonder if you might talk a bit about “Ekstatis,”—which Graham made in 1933 and you created anew in 2017—and how that prepared you to work on “Immigrant,” and “Revolt.”

When I was a student at the Martha Graham School, I remember seeing a picture of “Ekstatis.” It was not even the whole figure—just the trunk of Martha. We couldn't see her head. We couldn't see her arms. We could just see a very subtle curve in her body in a dress that seemed to be breathing. I remember thinking at the time: one day I want to do this dance. I want to know what that was. I want to make something out of it. And it stayed in the back of my mind. Years later, a student here was also curious about “Ekstatis,” and she talked to me, revived my idea. I thought: this is a sign and I should do it now. She hadn't found much about it so I decided to do my own research. I looked online. I read books about it. There were not many clues at all about the dance, only a couple of photos. I found one where Martha was lower into the ground. I thought: great, there is a change of level, I can use that.

But I also read about Barbara Morgan and the way she was taking her photos. It was not necessarily in context with the dance. It was more in context of what Morgan wanted to create with her photographic moment. 

Morgan wasn’t shooting a run-through of the dance….

Exactly, yeah. Who knows exactly what choreography was on the picture, if they [the poses] were really part of the dance to start with. In a way, it gave me some freedom to look into myself to create the dance. Because instead of recreating a dance, it was more using the idea of how Martha created a dance, for myself, from within myself. I'm very visual, so when I see a picture or something that attracts me, it makes me wonder what's behind the picture.

Do you think that attraction to images, or fragments of images, comes from your background in graphic design?

I worked with Christian Dior, and some other companies, designing the layout of the page or the bottle of perfume and then the title. The proportions of the bottle with the title had to do something with a visual, and where you place that into a page is very important. And further than that. I worked at companies where we were doing the layout of a magazine. When you turn the page, what you see first is the strongest place. I realized it is not much different than choreography, right? It's where you place your subject on stage, where you enter, where you exit, the timing…how you sculpt the stage is very similar. 

What inspired you to begin working on “Immigrant,” and “Revolt”?

For “Immigrant,” it was this image with an arm up in front the other arm extended to the back. I wanted to try to research more, and this time, I went to the Library of the Performing Arts [where she had a Dance Fellowship in 2024] to see what was available there. I found a couple of reviews, but they didn’t describe the dance. They just gave an overall idea. 

I discovered that “Immigrant,” had two sections. One section was called “Steerage,” and the other one was “Strike.” That's where my research became very interesting; since I couldn't find anything about the movement itself, I researched what was happening in New York City, around Martha. She came to New York City in 1923. Immigrants came way before that, but they kept arriving on boats where people were packed in a place called the steerage, where it was not designed for passengers.

But I ended up focusing on the “Strike,” section, which is the photo we see where she is in the black dress that looks like leather (but it is not leather). Immigrants were living downtown, not in great conditions at all, nor were they working in great conditions. In my research I found out about the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Strike and some others. Louis Horst was also very influential for Martha. He traveled to Germany and places like that, so he could see what was going on in Europe. I put all the pieces together to find out what she was trying to express about the life of an immigrant. 

I think I took it to the extreme, to the time of now. My experience of the Graham technique, being around it, dancing it, teaching it—it became my way of moving, but it is not necessarily through that vocabulary that you can recognize it, it's a little deeper than that. 

Xin Ying in “Immigrant” reimagined by Virginie Mécène. Photograph by Christopher Jones

More like an impulse?

It's an impulse, yeah. I mean, at the time she was making “Immigrant,” Martha Graham was discovering it [her technique]. So she may not have been as deep and as extended. But for me, it was not a discovery anymore, so I could really take things much further already, in my body and in the bodies of the dancers that I worked with. 

When you were at the library doing all this research, were you working in the studio simultaneously? When did the movement creation come in?

For “Immigrant,” I started earlier with a former student of mine that was in Graham 2. In the studio, I started to shape an idea. I had the idea of having a long diagonal from upstage left to downstage right. And as I researched at the library, it made sense to have even more, because it is the path, a clear determination. It represents the idea of moving forward, but at the same time wanting to go back. That's something that, personally, I can understand: coming from a different country, when you leave your family behind and then you have your job or another life here. You are constantly in-between and that tension informed a lot. Even to go back is not quite what it was. It always is a little different.

You're letting go and going somewhere with determination, because you need the determination. That determination is what I really wanted to show in “Immigrant.” The movement is hard and challenging. And Xin Ying, who is dancing— I've been very lucky to work with her and also with Leslie Williams [on “Revolt”], who is extraordinary as well, and PeiJu Chien-Pott [“Ekstatis”]—is also from a different country and understands the tension between these two places and how it never goes away. 

 

How do you feel about sharing this dance in this moment, when you can't read the news without encountering inflammatory stories about immigration or immigrants? 

 

It's been the oldest struggle for people to live together, to understand and accept each other. Now that it's here again, we realize we have not evolved much in our politics and our thought. We'll see how people receive it. 

 

Martha recognized people who were making political statements, such as the New Dance Group that started around the 30s, but she wanted her art to stay art. Even though there could be political connotation, she didn't want to use it as a slogan. So same here. I think the dance, the title, makes a statement enough, and people can get whatever they want from it. It is a vivid subject, and it's important to show that we are not blind, right? We may not know how to resolve certain things, but we can feel injustice.

Leslie Williams in “Revolt” by Martha Graham, reimagined by Virginie Mécène. Photograph by Christopher Jones

And what was the process like for “Revolt”? 

I kept the original music, but I choreographed the dance without music—for all the three of them, actually. That’s what Martha always said: music comes second, the dance comes first. I took this literally.

Was there a specific image that you worked with? 

Yeah, this position here, with two fists up, that says it all. But then I found a picture of her where if you look at it closely, you see that she's actually naked underneath. There is transparency, you can see under the costume. This picture is not famous and it's very interesting, again, to consider the photos were not necessarily coming from the dance. I realized that in this time, she was really looking for a new way of moving, and she had Horst always pushing her to do something different than what she had done with Denishawn. Those two dances, “Revolt,” and “Immigrant,” were really coming out of a very new era for her. With that in mind, I thought that this was a personal revolt. Maybe it was a revolt against the conformity that she always had to deal with. She was, you know, born in a Puritan family.

Leslie Williams and I collected words that I found in my research: agonized soul, downtrodden, and self-expression, trying to invent or to free yourself from tremendous power that is crushing you to Earth. It's a weight on her, something that she must do. That's what I put in the dance. I think it can be a vehicle for anybody. People want to find their identity; everybody reinvents who they are, right? This dance is so relevant to today.

What has this experience given you personally?

It has helped me find out about myself as well. Because it's not just trying to recreate dances that existed before, it's using a process to create these pieces myself. I'm discovering abstraction as well. Martha was very abstract in everything she was doing. How do I express that with my understanding, my way of moving? I don't want it to have cup hands, or a pitch turn or something that's already in the vocabulary. It's not that, it's deeper. It comes from the inside. 

And Martha herself discarded those solos. She didn't think that she wanted to continue with them. I don't think she felt they were strong enough for her. Why is that? Maybe they were steppingstones for her to practice choreography; she choreographed 70 solos altogether, and she didn't discard all of them. Some of them she would work on later, like “Lamentation.” But she let go of so many others and all we have from it is the memory that they happened, and maybe a couple of photos. 

It's important for the audience to understand that it's not her choreography that they are seeing—it's mine. It is my understanding of the work of Martha Graham that goes beyond her repertory. I think it really can continue her legacy, in a way.  

It's like a new memory.

It is a new memory. Yeah.

Candice Thompson


Candice Thompson has been working in and around live art for over two decades. She was a dancer with Milwaukee Ballet before moving into costume design, movement education and direction, editing and arts writing. She attended New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts, graduated from St. Mary’s College LEAP Program, and later received an MFA in literary nonfiction from Columbia University. From 2010-2021 she was editorial director of DIYdancer, a project-based media company she co-founded. Her writing on dance can be found in publications like AndscapeALL ARTS, ArtsATL, The Brooklyn Rail, Dance Magazine, and The New York Times. 

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